Cook M, Mineka S
J Abnorm Psychol. 1989 Nov;98(4):448-59. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.98.4.448.
Two experiments examined whether superior observational conditioning of fear occurs in observer rhesus monkeys that watch model monkeys exhibit an intense fear of fear-relevant, as compared with fear-irrelevant, stimuli. In both experiments, videotapes of model monkeys behaving fearfully were spliced so that it appeared that the models were reacting fearfully either to fear-relevant stimuli (toy snakes or a toy crocodile), or to fear-irrelevant stimuli (flowers or a toy rabbit). Observer groups watched one of four kinds of videotapes for 12 sessions. Results indicated that observers acquired a fear of fear-relevant stimuli (toy snakes and toy crocodile), but not of fear-irrelevant stimuli (flowers and toy rabbit). Implications of the present results for the preparedness theory of phobias are discussed.
两项实验研究了相较于与恐惧无关的刺激，当观察恒河猴模型对与恐惧相关的刺激表现出强烈恐惧时，观察恒河猴是否会出现更优的恐惧观察性条件作用。在两项实验中，对表现出恐惧行为的恒河猴模型的录像带进行了拼接，使得模型看起来像是对与恐惧相关的刺激（玩具蛇或玩具鳄鱼）或与恐惧无关的刺激（花朵或玩具兔子）做出恐惧反应。观察组观看四种录像带中的一种，共观看12节。结果表明，观察者对与恐惧相关的刺激（玩具蛇和玩具鳄鱼）产生了恐惧，但对与恐惧无关的刺激（花朵和玩具兔子）没有产生恐惧。讨论了本研究结果对恐惧症准备理论的意义。
