Department of Maternal and Child Health, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
J Periodontol. 2012 Nov;83(11):1388-96. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.110256. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory process caused by a specific group of microorganisms, resulting in the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue and the resorption of the alveolar bone. Therefore, periodontitis has been considered a risk factor for preeclampsia because infection is one of the factors involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study is to determine whether periodontitis is a risk factor for preeclampsia and to identify other possible risk factors.
A case-control study was performed with 574 puerperae under care at the university hospital at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in the city of Recife, Brazil. Data collection was preceded by a training exercise and a pilot study. Biologic and socioeconomic data were collected along with medical and dental records. A periodontal examination was performed on all dental elements to determine probing depth and gingival recession. The association between periodontitis and preeclampsia was first adjusted for the variables within each block, and adjusted for the variables of all blocks in the final multivariate model.
The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for other risk factors, periodontitis remained an independent risk factor for preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 8.60, confidence interval [CI] = 3.92 to 18.88, P < 0.001 and adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.43 to 2.90, P < 0.001, when using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition).
The results suggest that within the population studied, periodontitis was a risk factor for preeclampsia.
牙周炎是一种由特定微生物群引起的炎症过程，导致支持牙齿的组织破坏和牙槽骨吸收。因此，牙周炎被认为是子痫前期的一个危险因素，因为感染是子痫前期病因和发病机制的一个因素。本研究旨在确定牙周炎是否是子痫前期的一个危险因素，并确定其他可能的危险因素。
在巴西累西腓市联邦大学附属医院对 574 名产妇进行了病例对照研究。数据收集之前进行了培训和试点研究。收集了生物学和社会经济学数据以及医疗和牙科记录。对所有牙齿元素进行了牙周检查，以确定探诊深度和牙龈退缩。首先在每个块内调整变量，然后在最终多变量模型中调整所有块的变量，以确定牙周炎与子痫前期之间的关联。
多变量逻辑回归分析显示，在调整其他危险因素后，牙周炎仍然是子痫前期的一个独立危险因素（调整后的优势比 [OR] = 8.60，95%置信区间 [CI] = 3.92 至 18.88，P < 0.001 和调整后的 OR = 2.03，95%CI = 1.43 至 2.90，P < 0.001，当使用疾病控制和预防中心/美国牙周病学会定义）。
研究结果表明，在所研究的人群中，牙周炎是子痫前期的一个危险因素。
