Adis, Auckland, New Zealand.
Drugs. 2012 Feb 12;72(3):361-73. doi: 10.2165/11208580-000000000-00000.
The second-generation macrolide azithromycin is available as a 1.5% ophthalmic solution for use in the treatment of bacterial or trachomatous conjunctivitis. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution and its clinical efficacy and tolerability in patients with purulent bacterial conjunctivitis or trachomatous conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution had good in vitro activity against Haemophilus influenzae and C. trachomatis, and achieved good concentrations in tear samples from healthy volunteers. Azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution for 3 days (1 drop twice daily) was noninferior to tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solution for 7 days (1 drop every 2 hours) in paediatric and adult patients with purulent bacterial conjunctivitis, with regard to clinical cure and bacteriological resolution on day 9, in a randomized, investigator-masked, multicentre study. In children with trachomatous inflammation, 3-day treatment with azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution was noninferior to a single dose of azithromycin oral suspension, with regard to clinical cure rate in the worst eye at 60 days, in a randomized, double-masked, multicentre study. Azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution was well tolerated in patients with bacterial or trachomatous conjunctivitis. Most events were of mild to moderate severity.
第二代大环内酯类药物阿奇霉素以 1.5%的眼用溶液形式存在，用于治疗细菌性或沙眼性结膜炎。本文综述了阿奇霉素 1.5%眼用溶液的药理学特性及其在患有脓性细菌性结膜炎或由沙眼衣原体引起的沙眼的患者中的临床疗效和耐受性。阿奇霉素 1.5%眼用溶液对流感嗜血杆菌和沙眼衣原体具有良好的体外活性，并且在健康志愿者的泪液样本中达到了良好的浓度。在一项随机、研究者设盲、多中心研究中，3 天（每日 2 滴）使用阿奇霉素 1.5%眼用溶液与 7 天（每 2 小时 1 滴）使用妥布霉素 0.3%眼用溶液相比，在患有脓性细菌性结膜炎的儿科和成年患者中，在第 9 天的临床治愈和细菌学缓解方面非劣效，3 天治疗方案与 7 天治疗方案相比。在患有沙眼性炎症的儿童中，阿奇霉素 1.5%眼用溶液 3 天治疗与阿奇霉素口服混悬剂单次剂量相比，在 60 天时最差眼的临床治愈率方面非劣效，在一项随机、双盲、多中心研究中。阿奇霉素 1.5%眼用溶液在患有细菌性或沙眼性结膜炎的患者中耐受性良好。大多数事件的严重程度为轻度至中度。
