Spink K S
College of Physical Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
J Sports Sci. 1990 Summer;8(2):149-57. doi: 10.1080/02640419008732141.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether any differences exist in the cognitive and behavioural strategies of gymnasts competing at different elite levels. Thirty-eight male gymnasts competing at different competitive levels in an Australian gymnastic championship completed a standardized questionnaire prior to the first day of the competition. The questionnaire focused on a number of psychological factors that may affect both training and competition. Using both t-tests and simple discriminant function analysis, it was revealed that gymnasts competing at different elite levels could be distinguished on the basis of two psychological factors, psychological recovery and self-confidence, as well as the behavioural measure, training hours. Specifically, gymnasts competing at higher elite levels versus those at lower elite levels, were better able to recover from their competitive mistakes, were more confident and trained longer per week.
本研究的目的是检验参加不同精英水平比赛的体操运动员在认知和行为策略上是否存在差异。38名在澳大利亚体操锦标赛中参加不同竞技水平比赛的男体操运动员在比赛首日之前完成了一份标准化问卷。该问卷聚焦于一些可能影响训练和比赛的心理因素。通过t检验和简单判别函数分析发现，参加不同精英水平比赛的体操运动员可以根据两个心理因素（心理恢复和自信心）以及行为指标（训练时长）加以区分。具体而言，与较低精英水平的体操运动员相比，处于较高精英水平的体操运动员能够更好地从比赛失误中恢复过来，更有自信，且每周训练时间更长。
