Weimann E, Witzel C, Schwidergall S, Böhles H J
Zentrum der Kinderheilkunde, Klinik für Pädiatrie I, Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1998;148(10):231-4.
High impact training may influence the pubertal development of athletes. The effects of high intensity training on pubertal development of female and male elite gymnasts are presented. 22 female and 18 male elite gymnasts were enlisted in this study. Prepubertal and pubertal stages were determined and hormonal levels regarding the hypophyseal, gonadal and adrenal axes were measured. The LH/FSH ratio necessary for the advancement of full pubertal maturation was assessed at 13.9 amd 13.0 years in female and male gymnasts, respectively. Female gymnasts demonstrated, on average, a delayed bone age of 1.7 years compared to their chronological age, whereas both bone and chronological age were identical in male gymnasts. There were no significant pubertal increase of estrogen levels in female gymnasts during their peripubertal development indicating a low amount of fat mass in female elite gymnasts. Intensive physical training of elite female gymnasts combined with inadequate nutritional intake markedly affect pubertal development. These peripubertal effects are not observable in male gymnasts due to different training regimes in male and female elite gymnast. Regular monitoring of female gymnast during their vulnerable growth phase is necessary to minimize life-long physiological and psychological side effects of high impact training.
高强度训练可能会影响运动员的青春期发育。本文介绍了高强度训练对男女优秀体操运动员青春期发育的影响。本研究招募了22名女性和18名男性优秀体操运动员。确定了青春期前和青春期阶段，并测量了垂体、性腺和肾上腺轴的激素水平。女性和男性体操运动员达到完全青春期成熟所需的促黄体生成素/促卵泡激素比值分别在13.9岁和13.0岁时进行评估。与实际年龄相比，女性体操运动员的骨龄平均延迟1.7岁，而男性体操运动员的骨龄和实际年龄相同。在青春期前发育期间，女性体操运动员的雌激素水平没有显著的青春期增加，这表明优秀女性体操运动员的脂肪量较低。优秀女性体操运动员的高强度体育训练加上营养摄入不足，会显著影响青春期发育。由于男女优秀体操运动员的训练方式不同，这些青春期前的影响在男性体操运动员中未观察到。在女性体操运动员脆弱的生长阶段进行定期监测，对于将高强度训练的终身生理和心理副作用降至最低是必要的。
