Department of Psychology, Smith College, Clark Science Center, Northampton, MA 01063, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2012 Apr;32(3):139-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.007. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Although the bulk of the research literature on the construct of perfectionism and its relationship to mental health in the last 20 years has focused predominantly on Caucasian American samples, researchers are paying increasing attention to understanding perfectionism's dimensions across ethnicities. Given this momentum, the purpose of this paper is to use a cross-cultural framework to review published studies assessing perfectionism in members of an ethnic minority group living in the United States. Research to date has focused exclusively on Asian and African American samples and we organize our review by separating this literature into those studies that use level and structure-oriented cross-cultural approaches. Structure-oriented approaches empirically explore the phenomenology and/or correlates of perfectionism within each ethnic group whereas level-oriented approaches examine the relative magnitude of perfectionism's levels across groups. The last section of the review critically examines the strength of the evidence in support of researchers' arguments that certain sociocultural factors, such as collectivism and parenting style, influence perfectionism's expression and implications for ethnic minorities. Throughout the review, we offer a series of steps researchers can take to foster our understanding of perfectionism and its impacts using a cross-cultural perspective.
尽管过去 20 年中，关于完美主义及其与心理健康关系的研究文献主要集中在白种美国人群体，但研究人员越来越关注理解跨种族群体中完美主义的维度。鉴于这种趋势，本文旨在使用跨文化框架来回顾评估生活在美国的少数民族群体成员中完美主义的已发表研究。迄今为止，研究仅集中在亚裔和非裔美国人样本上，我们通过将文献分为使用水平和结构导向的跨文化方法来组织综述。结构导向方法从实证角度探讨了每个群体中完美主义的现象学和/或相关性，而水平导向方法则检验了跨群体完美主义水平的相对大小。综述的最后一部分批判性地审查了支持研究人员观点的证据的强度，即某些社会文化因素，如集体主义和养育方式，会影响完美主义的表现及其对少数民族的影响。在整个综述中，我们提供了一系列步骤，研究人员可以采用这些步骤从跨文化角度来增进我们对完美主义及其影响的理解。
