School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Department of Pediatric, Children Institute. Rua: Abadia dos Dourados, n° 307-7, Butantã, 05586-030 São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
Appetite. 2012 Jun;58(3):1057-62. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.024. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
We investigated dietary intake patterns (DIP) in adolescents (14-18 year-olds) and the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle variables. This school-based survey was carried out among high school students from the city of Maringá in the state of Paraná (PR), Brazil (2007). The sample included 991 students (54.5% girls) from high schools. DIPs were investigated by the frequency of weekly consumption of each food group: vegetables, fruit, rice, beans, fried food, sweet food, milk, soda, meat, eggs, alcoholic drinks. Independent variables were: demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle variables. DIPs were identified using principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation (varimax). Three components were extracted. Component 1 (fried foods, sweets and soft drinks) was positively associated with not having breakfast for girls and dinner for boys. Moreover, component 2 (consumption of fruit and vegetables) was positively associated with having breakfast at home for boys and number of meals for girls. Component 3 (beans, eggs and meat) was positively associated with having lunch, employment and sedentary behavior level for girls. However, it was negatively associated with having lunch and dinner for boys. Adolescents who have healthier eating patterns also had other healthier behaviors regardless of gender. However, factors associated with dietary patterns differ between boys and girls.
我们研究了青少年（14-18 岁）的饮食摄入模式（DIP），以及其与人口统计学和社会经济特征以及生活方式变量的关系。这项基于学校的调查是在巴西巴拉那州马兰加市的高中生中进行的（2007 年）。样本包括来自高中的 991 名学生（54.5%为女生）。通过每周食用每种食物组的频率来调查 DIP：蔬菜、水果、大米、豆类、油炸食品、甜食、牛奶、苏打水、肉类、鸡蛋、酒精饮料。自变量为：人口统计学和社会经济特征以及生活方式变量。使用正交旋转（varimax）的主成分分析来确定 DIP。提取了三个成分。成分 1（油炸食品、甜食和软饮料）与女孩不吃早餐和男孩不吃晚餐呈正相关。此外，成分 2（水果和蔬菜的消费）与男孩在家吃早餐和女孩吃的餐数呈正相关。成分 3（豆类、鸡蛋和肉类）与女孩吃午餐、就业和久坐行为水平呈正相关。然而，它与男孩的午餐和晚餐呈负相关。无论性别如何，饮食习惯更健康的青少年也有其他更健康的行为。然而，饮食模式与性别之间的关联因素不同。
