Ames B N, Gold L S
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1990;7(2-3):69-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02988534.
Various misconceptions about dietary carcinogens, pesticide residues, and cancer causation are discussed. The pesticides in our diet are 99.99% natural, since plants make an enormous variety of toxins against fungi, insects, and animal predators. Although only 50 of these natural pesticides have been tested in animal cancer tests, about half of them are carcinogens. About half of all chemicals tested in animal cancer tests are positive. The proportion of natural pesticides positive in animal tests of clastogenicity is also the same as for synthetic chemicals. It is argued that testing chemicals in animals at the maximum tolerated dose primarily measures chronic cell proliferation, a threshold process. Cell proliferation is mutagenic in several ways, including inducing mitotic recombination, and therefore chronic induction of cell proliferation is a risk factor for cancer.
讨论了关于饮食致癌物、农药残留和癌症成因的各种误解。我们饮食中的农药99.99%是天然的，因为植物会产生各种各样针对真菌、昆虫和动物捕食者的毒素。尽管这些天然农药中只有50种在动物癌症试验中进行了测试，但其中约一半是致癌物。在动物癌症试验中测试的所有化学物质中，约一半呈阳性。天然农药在动物致突变性试验中呈阳性的比例也与合成化学物质相同。有人认为，在动物身上以最大耐受剂量测试化学物质主要是衡量慢性细胞增殖，这是一个阈值过程。细胞增殖在几个方面具有致突变性，包括诱导有丝分裂重组，因此慢性诱导细胞增殖是癌症的一个风险因素。
