Ames B N, Profet M, Gold L S
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7777-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.19.7777.
The toxicological significance of exposures to synthetic chemicals is examined in the context of exposures to naturally occurring chemicals. We calculate that 99.99% (by weight) of the pesticides in the American diet are chemicals that plants produce to defend themselves. Only 52 natural pesticides have been tested in high-dose animal cancer tests, and about half (27) are rodent carcinogens; these 27 are shown to be present in many common foods. We conclude that natural and synthetic chemicals are equally likely to be positive in animal cancer tests. We also conclude that at the low doses of most human exposures the comparative hazards of synthetic pesticide residues are insignificant.
在接触天然化学物质的背景下,研究了接触合成化学物质的毒理学意义。我们计算得出,美国饮食中99.99%(按重量计)的农药是植物为自我保护而产生的化学物质。只有52种天然农药经过了高剂量动物癌症试验,其中约一半(27种)是啮齿动物致癌物;这些27种物质在许多常见食物中都有发现。我们得出结论,天然和合成化学物质在动物癌症试验中呈阳性的可能性相同。我们还得出结论,在大多数人类接触的低剂量下,合成农药残留的相对危害微不足道。