Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2012 Aug;59(5):303-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01459.x. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Laboratory and in vivo studies in primates, and serological evidence in humans, indicate that food animal oncogenic viruses show potential for causing cancer in humans. However, until fairly recently, supporting analytic epidemiologic studies have been lacking and have concentrated on lung cancer. We conducted an extensive Medline search and reviewed 60 studies investigating lung cancer risk in highly exposed workers in the meat and poultry industries. The overwhelming majority of studies of different designs (including all the cohort mortality and cancer incidence studies) indicate at least a 30% excess risk of lung cancer in meat and poultry plant workers, even after controlling for smoking. Evidence points to food animal oncogenic microorganisms as one of the main causes. This has important public health implications because the general population is also widely exposed. Studies carried out thus far have not had sufficient statistical power to investigate other potentially carcinogenic exposures within the industries. Thus, large studies that can adequately control for occupational and non-occupational confounding factors are needed, so that the possible role of food animal oncogenic viruses in the occurrence of human lung cancer can be clearly defined.
实验室和灵长类动物体内研究以及人类血清学证据表明，食源性致癌病毒有可能导致人类癌症。然而，直到最近，才缺乏支持性分析性流行病学研究，而且这些研究主要集中在肺癌上。我们进行了广泛的 Medline 搜索，并审查了 60 项研究，这些研究调查了肉类和家禽行业中高度暴露工人的肺癌风险。绝大多数不同设计的研究（包括所有队列死亡率和癌症发病率研究）表明，即使在控制吸烟的情况下，肉类和家禽加工厂工人的肺癌风险至少高出 30%。有证据表明，食源性致癌微生物是主要原因之一。这具有重要的公共卫生意义，因为普通人群也广泛接触这些微生物。迄今为止进行的研究没有足够的统计能力来调查这些行业内其他潜在的致癌因素。因此，需要进行大型研究，以便能够充分控制职业和非职业混杂因素，从而明确食源性致癌病毒在人类肺癌发生中的可能作用。
