Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Poult Sci. 2012 Mar;91(3):550-5. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01742.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most abundant and important trichothecenes in food and feed, and it is a significant contaminant due to its frequent occurrence at toxicologically relevant concentrations worldwide. Deoxynivalenol has negative influences on the health and performance of chicks. However, there is little information available regarding the effect of DON on DNA fragmentation in blood lymphocytes. In addition, the effects of Mycofix select (Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria) supplementation to DON-contaminated broiler diets on lymphocyte DNA have not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the effect of DON on lipid peroxidation and lymphocyte DNA fragmentation in broilers and to evaluate the potential of Mycofix select in the prevention of toxin-mediated changes. Thirty-two 1-d-old (Ross 308 male) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed a noncontaminated diet, and a second group was fed the same diet but supplemented with Mycofix select (0.25%). A third group of broilers was fed a diet artificially contaminated with 10 mg of feed-grade DON/kg of diet, and a fourth group was fed a DON-contaminated diet supplemented with Mycofix select. At the end of the feeding trial, blood was collected and the degree of lymphocyte DNA damage was measured in the plasma by comet assay. Deoxynivalenol increased (P = 0.016) the amount of DNA damage in chicken lymphocytes by 46.8%. Mycofix select protected lymphocyte DNA from the DON effects. To our knowledge, these are the first data on genotoxic effects of a moderate dose of DON on chicken lymphocytes. However, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level in liver and liver enzyme activity did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the diets contaminated with the mycotoxin DON at moderate levels in combination with low-protein feed are able to induce lymphocyte DNA damage in chickens. Supplementation with Mycofix select protected lymphocyte DNA and it was beneficial for maintaining the lymphocyte DNA integrity.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是食品和饲料中最丰富和最重要的单端孢霉烯族毒素之一，由于其在全球范围内以毒理学相关浓度频繁出现，因此是一种重要的污染物。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对小鸡的健康和性能有负面影响。然而，关于 DON 对血液淋巴细胞中 DNA 片段化的影响，信息很少。此外，Mycofix select（Biomin GmbH，奥地利 Herzogenburg）对受 DON 污染的肉鸡日粮的补充对淋巴细胞 DNA 的影响尚未得到证实。因此，本研究旨在确定 DON 对肉鸡脂质过氧化和淋巴细胞 DNA 片段化的影响，并评估 Mycofix select 预防毒素介导的变化的潜力。32 只 1 日龄（Ross 308 雄性）肉鸡雏鸡被随机分为 4 组。对照组饲喂未受污染的日粮，第二组饲喂相同日粮，但添加 Mycofix select（0.25%）。第三组肉鸡饲喂人工添加 10 mg 饲料级 DON/kg 日粮的日粮，第四组饲喂受 DON 污染的日粮并添加 Mycofix select。在饲养试验结束时，采集血液并通过彗星试验测量血浆中淋巴细胞 DNA 损伤程度。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇使鸡淋巴细胞的 DNA 损伤增加了 46.8%（P = 0.016）。Mycofix select 保护淋巴细胞 DNA 免受 DON 的影响。据我们所知，这是关于中等剂量 DON 对鸡淋巴细胞的遗传毒性作用的首批数据。然而，各组之间肝组织中的硫代巴比妥酸反应物水平和肝酶活性没有差异。总之，本研究表明，中等水平污染的日粮与低蛋白饲料相结合能够诱导肉鸡淋巴细胞 DNA 损伤。添加 Mycofix select 可保护淋巴细胞 DNA，有利于维持淋巴细胞 DNA 完整性。
