Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2012 Feb 15;17(2):1900-15. doi: 10.3390/molecules17021900.
Honey is a natural substance with many medicinal properties, including antibacterial, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. It reduces hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and humans. However, the mechanism(s) of its hypoglycemic effect remain(s) unknown. Honey comprises many constituents, making it difficult to ascertain which component(s) contribute(s) to its hypoglycemic effect. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that honey consists of predominantly fructose and glucose. The objective of this review is to summarize findings which indicate that fructose exerts a hypoglycemic effect. The data show that glucose and fructose exert a synergistic effect in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. This synergistic effect might enhance intestinal fructose absorption and/or stimulate insulin secretion. The results indicate that fructose enhances hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis and storage via activation of hepatic glucokinase and glycogen synthase, respectively. The data also demonstrate the beneficial effects of fructose on glycemic control, glucose- and appetite-regulating hormones, body weight, food intake, oxidation of carbohydrate and energy expenditure. In view of the similarities of these effects of fructose with those of honey, the evidence may support the role of fructose in honey in mediating the hypoglycemic effect of honey.
蜂蜜是一种具有多种药用特性的天然物质，具有抗菌、保肝、降血糖、抗氧化和降压作用。它可降低糖尿病大鼠和人类的高血糖。然而，其降血糖作用的机制尚不清楚。蜂蜜包含许多成分，难以确定哪个成分对其降血糖作用有贡献。尽管如此，现有证据表明蜂蜜主要由果糖和葡萄糖组成。本综述的目的是总结表明果糖具有降血糖作用的研究结果。这些数据表明，葡萄糖和果糖在胃肠道和胰腺中发挥协同作用。这种协同作用可能增强肠道果糖吸收和/或刺激胰岛素分泌。结果表明，果糖通过分别激活肝葡萄糖激酶和肝糖原合酶来增强肝葡萄糖摄取和糖原合成和储存。这些数据还表明，果糖对血糖控制、葡萄糖和食欲调节激素、体重、食物摄入、碳水化合物氧化和能量消耗具有有益的影响。鉴于果糖对这些作用与蜂蜜的相似性，这些证据可能支持果糖在介导蜂蜜的降血糖作用中的作用。
