Department of Military Epidemiology and Hygiene, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
J Med Virol. 2012 Apr;84(4):608-14. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23214.
The Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria in particular, is a well-known endemic region for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). This study describes the prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) among tick populations from areas, previously recognized with emerging cases of CCHF disease in humans. These include regions from the Southeastern (regions of Kardzhali and Haskovo) and Central (region of Stara Zagora) parts of the country. For the period 2006-2010 a total of 911 adult ticks, collected from livestock in endemic areas were studied for presence of CCHFV by an immunofluorescence-hemocytes assay (IFHA) and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The detection rate of CCHFV in the tick population was 2.09%. The prevalence of the virus was determined between 2.01% and 4.83% in the regions of Kardzhali and Haskovo, respectively (Southeastern Bulgaria). In the Central part of the country CCHFV infestation of the ticks was observed in 1.46% (region of Stara Zagora). The results confirmed the mosaic dispersion of CCHFV in the investigated regions. The principal infection vector in the surveyed areas was confirmed to be Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus were also detected and may play a role in the transmission of CCHFV. Species distribution of CCHFV-positive ticks was as follows: H. m. marginatum-4.93%; R. sanguineus-2.33%; I. ricinus-1.02%. The combination of IFHA and RT-PCR that are used in this study are useful tools in the algorithm for monitoring endemic areas in Bulgaria.
巴尔干半岛和保加利亚，特别是，是克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）的著名地方病疫区。本研究描述了在人类中出现克里米亚-刚果出血热疾病病例的地区，即保加利亚东南部（卡赞勒克和哈斯科沃地区）和中部（斯塔拉扎戈拉地区）的蜱种群中，克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）的流行情况。在 2006 年至 2010 年期间，共研究了 911 只来自流行地区牲畜的成年蜱，通过免疫荧光血细胞检测（IFHA）和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测 CCHFV 的存在。在蜱种群中检测到 CCHFV 的检出率为 2.09%。在卡赞勒克和哈斯科沃地区（保加利亚东南部），病毒的流行率分别为 2.01%和 4.83%。在该国中部，在斯塔拉扎戈拉地区观察到 CCHFV 感染蜱虫的比例为 1.46%。研究结果证实了 CCHFV 在调查地区的镶嵌式传播。在调查区域中确定的主要感染媒介为边缘钝缘蜱。还检测到了边缘锐缘蜱和蓖子硬蜱，并可能在 CCHFV 的传播中发挥作用。CCHFV 阳性蜱的物种分布如下：边缘钝缘蜱-4.93%；边缘锐缘蜱-2.33%；蓖子硬蜱-1.02%。本研究中使用的 IFHA 和 RT-PCR 的组合是监测保加利亚流行地区算法中的有用工具。
