Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Dec;26(12):3473-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824e195f.
Injuries are a major adverse event during a soccer player's career; they require medical and surgical treatment and rehabilitation and thus may interrupt the player's activity, often with severe physical and psychological sequel. Specialists have tried to identify the risk factors for injuries, in an attempt to discover predictors that could be prevented and or eliminated before the injury occurs, but the results are scarce. This article reviews the epidemiology of the frequency and occurrence of injuries in Italian soccer players, reports a list of preventable risk factors that are associated with injuries, and identifies preventable risk factors. We have identified personal factors (age, previous traumatic events, physical and biological characteristics of the player, life style habits such as smoking, alcohol, and diet, changes in physical-athletic aspects of the players, such as increased muscle strength, and use of medications) as possible risk factors for injuries. However, environmental factors such as changes in training techniques, field composition, and shoes structure may also have a major influence. This summary indicates that appropriate preventive measures can be undertaken to prevent injuries in professional soccer players. Professionals who are in close contacts with the players should be informed of the predictors of injuries and should be trained to intervene and plan appropriate preventive measures.
在足球运动员的职业生涯中，伤病是一个主要的不良事件；它们需要医疗和手术治疗以及康复，因此可能会中断运动员的活动，常常伴有严重的身体和心理后果。专家们试图确定伤病的风险因素，试图发现可以预防和/或在伤病发生之前消除的预测因素，但结果却很少。本文回顾了意大利足球运动员伤病的频率和发生情况的流行病学，报告了与伤病相关的可预防风险因素清单，并确定了可预防的风险因素。我们已经确定了个人因素（年龄、以前的创伤事件、球员的身体和生物特征、生活方式习惯如吸烟、酒精和饮食、球员身体-运动方面的变化，如肌肉力量的增加以及使用药物）可能是伤病的风险因素。然而，环境因素，如训练技术、场地组成和鞋子结构的变化，也可能有重大影响。这一总结表明，可以采取适当的预防措施来预防职业足球运动员的伤病。与运动员密切接触的专业人员应该了解伤病的预测因素，并接受培训，以便进行干预并计划适当的预防措施。
