The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6340, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2012 Mar;23(3):219-24. doi: 10.1177/0956797611429132. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
Prior investigators have asserted that certain group characteristics cause group members to disregard outside information and that this behavior leads to diminished performance. We demonstrate that the very process of making a judgment collaboratively rather than individually also contributes to such myopic underweighting of external viewpoints. Dyad members exposed to numerical judgments made by peers gave significantly less weight to those judgments than did individuals working alone. This difference in willingness to use peer input was mediated by the greater confidence that the dyad members reported in the accuracy of their own estimates. Furthermore, dyads were no better at judging the relative accuracy of their own estimates and the advisor's estimates than individuals were. Our analyses demonstrate that, relative to individuals, dyads suffered an accuracy cost. Specifically, if dyad members had given as much weight to peer input as individuals working alone did, then their revised estimates would have been significantly more accurate.
先前的研究者声称，某些群体特征导致群体成员忽视外部信息，而这种行为导致表现下降。我们证明，协作而不是单独做出判断的过程也会导致对外观点的这种近视低估。与单独工作的个体相比，接触到同伴做出的数字判断的二人组成员对这些判断的重视程度明显降低。这种对同伴投入的使用意愿的差异是由二人组报告的对自己估计准确性的更大信心所调节的。此外，与个体相比，二人组在判断自己的估计和顾问的估计的相对准确性方面没有优势。我们的分析表明，与个体相比，二人组付出了准确性的代价。具体来说，如果二人组成员像单独工作的个体那样重视同伴的意见，那么他们的修正估计将更加准确。
