Department of Neurology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, Berlin, Germany.
J Vestib Res. 2011;21(6):299-304. doi: 10.3233/VES-2011-0423.
Both migraine and dizziness/vertigo rank among the most common complaints in the general population. Worldwide, the lifetime prevalence of migraine is about 14%. Approximately 20% to 30% of the general population are affected by dizziness and vertigo. Given the high prevalence of vertigo and migraine in the general population it is not surprising that many patients suffer from both symptoms. Nonetheless, in the last decade epidemiological arguments have progressively accumulated to strengthen the hypothesis that vertigo is linked to migraine beyond a mere chance concurrence. Several studies with selected patient groups have shown that the prevalence of vertigo is increased in patients with migraine. Vice versa, patients presenting to a dizziness clinic have a history of migraine more often than would be expected by chance. The epidemiological link between vertigo and migraine has recently been confirmed on the population level. The relation between vertigo and migraine is intricate. In vestibular migraine, vertigo is conceptualized as a vestibular symptom caused by migraine. Vestibular migraine is the most common cause for recurrent spontaneous vertigo with a lifetime-prevalence in the general population of about 1%. Other vestibular disorders that display an increased prevalence of migraine are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Menière's disease. Furthermore, migraine is associated with motion sickness, rare ataxia disorders and psychiatric syndromes that can also manifest with vertigo and dizziness.
偏头痛和头晕/眩晕均属于常见的主诉，在普通人群中发病率较高。全世界范围内，偏头痛的终身患病率约为 14%。大约 20%至 30%的普通人群受到头晕和眩晕的影响。鉴于眩晕和偏头痛在普通人群中的高发病率，许多患者同时出现这两种症状并不奇怪。尽管如此，在过去十年中，流行病学研究逐渐积累，有力地支持了这样一种假说，即眩晕与偏头痛的关系不仅仅是偶然的巧合。一些针对特定患者群体的研究表明，偏头痛患者的眩晕患病率增加。反之，在眩晕门诊就诊的患者中，偏头痛的病史比随机出现的要多。眩晕与偏头痛之间的流行病学联系最近在人群水平上得到了证实。眩晕与偏头痛之间的关系错综复杂。在前庭性偏头痛中，眩晕被视为偏头痛引起的前庭症状。前庭性偏头痛是最常见的复发性自发性眩晕的病因，其在普通人群中的终身患病率约为 1%。其他显示偏头痛患病率增加的前庭疾病是良性阵发性位置性眩晕和梅尼埃病。此外，偏头痛还与运动病、罕见的共济失调疾病和精神综合征相关，这些疾病也可能以眩晕和头晕为表现。
