Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 10, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2012 Jun;19(3):546-53. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0224-z.
Previous findings concerning the relation of risk aversion and cooperation in repeated prisoner's dilemma games have been inconclusive. We hypothesized that this was due to an interaction between personality and environment. Specifically, we argued that in cooperation-friendly environments--given certain beliefs--defection is more risky than cooperation. The main reason for this is that, in such a situation, defection potentially yields outcomes of higher variance (and vice versa, for cooperation-unfriendly environments). In line with this hypothesis, we showed, in two experiments and a reanalysis of a study by Fudenberg, Rand, and Dreber (American Economic Review, in press), that the degree of cooperation increases with dispositional risk aversion in cooperation-friendly environments, but not in cooperation-unfriendly environments. We also found similar person-situation interactions for neuroticism and extraversion.
先前关于风险规避与重复囚徒困境博弈中合作关系的研究结果尚无定论。我们假设，这是由于人格与环境之间的相互作用所致。具体而言，我们认为在合作友好型环境中（在某些信念的前提下），背叛比合作更具风险。主要原因是，在这种情况下，背叛可能会产生更高的结果差异（反之亦然，在合作不友好的环境中）。根据这一假设，我们在两项实验中以及对 Fudenberg、Rand 和 Dreber（《美国经济评论》，待发表）的一项研究的重新分析中表明，在合作友好型环境中，合作的程度会随着风险规避的倾向增加而增加，但在合作不友好的环境中则不然。我们还发现神经质和外向性也存在类似的人与情境的相互作用。
