Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London, UK.
Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;166(3):877-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01911.x.
Diabetes is a disease characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, leading to hyperglycaemia. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is due to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance coupled by a failure of the beta cell to compensate. Animal models for type 1 diabetes range from animals with spontaneously developing autoimmune diabetes to chemical ablation of the pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes is modelled in both obese and non-obese animal models with varying degrees of insulin resistance and beta cell failure. This review outlines some of the models currently used in diabetes research. In addition, the use of transgenic and knock-out mouse models is discussed. Ideally, more than one animal model should be used to represent the diversity seen in human diabetic patients.
糖尿病是一种由胰岛素相对或绝对缺乏引起的疾病，导致高血糖。有两种主要类型的糖尿病：1 型糖尿病和 2 型糖尿病。1 型糖尿病是由于产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞的自身免疫性破坏引起的，2 型糖尿病是由β细胞无法代偿的胰岛素抵抗引起的。1 型糖尿病的动物模型范围从自发性发生自身免疫性糖尿病的动物到胰腺β细胞的化学消融。2 型糖尿病在肥胖和非肥胖动物模型中均有建模，具有不同程度的胰岛素抵抗和β细胞衰竭。本文概述了目前用于糖尿病研究的一些模型。此外，还讨论了转基因和敲除小鼠模型的应用。理想情况下，应该使用多种动物模型来代表人类糖尿病患者的多样性。
