Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Dev Psychol. 2012 Sep;48(5):1283-91. doi: 10.1037/a0027463. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
Continuity in individual differences from socioemotional behavior in middle childhood to personality characteristics in middle adulthood was examined on the assumption that they share certain temperament-related elements. Socioemotional characteristics were measured using teacher ratings at ages 8 (N = 369; 53% males) and 14 (95% of the initial sample). Personality was assessed at age 42 (63% of the initial sample; 50% males) using a shortened version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI); the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP); and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ). Three models were tested using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed paths (a) from behavioral activity to adult Extraversion and Openness (NEO-PI), sociability (KSP), and surgency (ATQ); (b) from well-controlled behavior to adult conformity (KSP) and Conscientiousness (NEO-PI); and (c) from negative emotionality to adult aggression (KSP). The paths were significant only for one gender, and more frequently for males than for females. The significant male paths from behavioral activity to all indicators of adult activity and from well-controlled behavior to adult conformity started at age 8, whereas significant female paths from behavioral activity to adult sociability and from well-controlled behavior to adult Conscientiousness started at age 14.
从中年儿童的社会情感行为到中年成年人的个性特征，连续性被认为它们具有某些与气质相关的元素。使用教师在 8 岁（N = 369；53%为男性）和 14 岁（初始样本的 95%）时的评级来衡量社会情感特征。个性在 42 岁（初始样本的 63%；50%为男性）时使用 NEO 人格量表（NEO-PI）、卡罗林斯卡人格量表（KSP）和成人气质问卷（ATQ）的简短版本进行评估。使用结构方程模型测试了三种模型。结果证实了从行为活动到成人外向性和开放性（NEO-PI）、社交性（KSP）和活力（ATQ）的路径（a）；从行为控制良好到成人从众性（KSP）和尽责性（NEO-PI）的路径（b）；以及从负性情绪到成人攻击性（KSP）的路径（c）。这些路径仅对一种性别具有重要意义，并且对男性的重要性高于女性。从行为活动到所有成人活动指标的男性显著路径以及从行为控制良好到成人从众性的路径始于 8 岁，而从行为活动到成人社交性和从行为控制良好到成人尽责性的女性显著路径始于 14 岁。
