Freitag Sonja, Fincke-Junod Isabell, Seddouki Rachida, Dulon Madeleine, Hermanns Ingo, Kersten Jan Felix, Larsson Tore J, Nienhaus Albert
Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, (BGW), Department for the Principle of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2012 Jul;56(6):697-707. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes002. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
The aim of the present study was to quantify the total duration per shift in which nurses work in a forward bending position over 20°. Furthermore, the influence of several factors on the occurrence of sagittal trunk inclinations in nurses was investigated.
Trunk postures were recorded for nine nursing home nurses from four German nursing homes and 18 hospital nurses from seven hospitals using the CUELA measurement system. A total of 79 shifts, 27 in nursing homes and 52 in hospitals, were analysed. All measurements were supported by video recordings. Specially developed software (WIDAAN 2.75) was used to synchronize the measurement data and video footage.
The total duration of inclinations per shift was significantly affected by the working area (nursing home or hospital) with an increase of 25.3 min in nursing homes (95% confidence interval 2.4-48.2; P = 0.032). Another factor was the extent of personal basic care tasks performed by the nurses (P < 0.001). Nursing home nurses worked about twice as long per shift in a forward bending position compared with hospital nurses (112 versus 63 min; P < 0.001) and they assumed almost one-third more inclinations per shift (1541 versus 1170; P = 0.005).
Nursing staff perform a large number of inclinations. The amount of time spent by nurses working in a forward bending position was highly dependent on the working area and the extent to which patients were in need of help. It is very likely that future preventive measures, focussing on reducing the huge amount of inclination, would reduce the physical stress in everyday nursing work substantially.
本研究旨在量化护士每班向前弯曲超过20°的总时长。此外，还调查了几个因素对护士矢状躯干倾斜发生情况的影响。
使用CUELA测量系统记录了来自德国四家养老院的九名护士和来自七家医院的18名医院护士的躯干姿势。共分析了79个班次，其中养老院27个班次，医院52个班次。所有测量均有视频记录支持。使用专门开发的软件（WIDAAN 2.75）同步测量数据和视频片段。
每班倾斜的总时长受工作区域（养老院或医院）的显著影响，养老院增加了25.3分钟（95%置信区间2.4 - 48.2；P = 0.032）。另一个因素是护士执行的个人基础护理任务的程度（P < 0.001）。与医院护士相比，养老院护士每班在向前弯曲姿势下工作的时间约为两倍（112分钟对63分钟；P < 0.001），且每班的倾斜次数几乎多三分之一（1541次对1170次；P = 0.005）。
护理人员有大量的倾斜动作。护士在向前弯曲姿势下工作的时间长短高度依赖于工作区域以及患者需要帮助的程度。未来着重减少大量倾斜动作的预防措施很可能会大幅减轻日常护理工作中的身体压力。
