CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Mar;78(3):343-57.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition that affects patients admitted in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) under mechanical ventilation. ARDS is a process of non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia associated with a variety of conditions, resulting in a direct (e.g., pneumonia) or indirect (e.g., sepsis) lung injury and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. A large body of clinical and basic research has focused in ventilatory strategies and novel pharmacological therapies but, nowadays, treatment is mainly supportive. Mechanical ventilation is the hallmark of the management of these patients. In the last decades, the recognition that mechanical ventilation can contribute to harming the lung has changed the goals of this therapy and has driven research to focus in ventilatory strategies that mitigate lung injury. This review emphasizes clinical aspects in the evaluation and management of ARDS in the ICUs and updates the latest advances in these therapies.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是一种危及生命的疾病，影响入住重症监护病房（ICU）并接受机械通气的患者。ARDS 是一种非静水肺水肿和低氧血症的过程，与多种情况有关，导致直接（例如肺炎）或间接（例如败血症）肺部损伤，并伴有较高的发病率和死亡率。大量的临床和基础研究集中在通气策略和新型药理学治疗上，但目前，治疗主要是支持性的。机械通气是这些患者管理的标志。在过去几十年中，人们认识到机械通气会对肺部造成伤害，这改变了这种治疗的目标，并促使研究集中在减轻肺损伤的通气策略上。本综述强调了 ICU 中 ARDS 的评估和管理的临床方面，并更新了这些治疗方法的最新进展。
