Amin N M
Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93305-4197.
Postgrad Med. 1990 Nov 1;88(6):107-14, 117-9, 122-4. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1990.11716425.
Tuberculosis has been on the increase in recent years, so physicians need to be aware of it once again. Very effective drugs are available to treat the disease. Pharmacokinetics, dosing schedule, and adverse reactions of each anti-tuberculous agent need to be considered. A short (6-month) course of therapy is now recommended: Isoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), and pyrazinamide are given for the initial 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months. If drug resistance is a factor, a fourth drug is added to the initial regimen, and therapy may have to be extended. Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid is very important to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis. It should be given to all high-risk persons.
近年来结核病发病率呈上升趋势，因此医生需要再次予以关注。治疗该病有非常有效的药物。需要考虑每种抗结核药物的药代动力学、给药方案及不良反应。目前推荐采用短程（6个月）治疗方案：最初2个月给予异烟肼、利福平（利福定、利美坦）和吡嗪酰胺，随后4个月给予异烟肼和利福平。如果存在耐药因素，初始治疗方案中需加用第4种药物，且治疗可能需要延长。使用异烟肼进行化学预防对于降低结核病发病率非常重要。应给予所有高危人群。
