Hughes Dyfrig A
Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, UK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;73(6):968-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04247.x.
Pharmacoeconomics is an essential component of health technology assessment and the appraisal of medicines for use by UK National Health Service (NHS) patients. As a comparatively young discipline, its methods continue to evolve. Priority research areas for development include methods for synthesizing indirect comparisons when head-to-head trials have not been performed, synthesizing qualitative evidence (for example, stakeholder views), addressing the limitations of the EQ-5D tool for assessing quality of life, including benefits not captured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), ways of assessing valuation methods (for determining utility scores), extrapolation of costs and benefits beyond those observed in trials, early estimation of cost-effectiveness (including mechanism-based economic evaluation), methods for incorporating the impact of non-adherence and the role of behavioural economics in influencing patients and prescribers.
药物经济学是卫生技术评估以及为英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）患者所用药物评估的重要组成部分。作为一门相对年轻的学科，其方法仍在不断发展。优先发展的研究领域包括在未进行直接对比试验时综合间接比较的方法、综合定性证据（例如利益相关者的观点）、解决EQ - 5D工具在评估生活质量方面的局限性（包括质量调整生命年（QALYs）未涵盖的益处）、评估估值方法（用于确定效用分数）的方式、将试验中观察到的成本和效益外推至其他情况、成本效益的早期估计（包括基于机制的经济评估）、纳入不依从影响的方法以及行为经济学在影响患者和开处方者方面的作用。
