Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS UMR 5254, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement/IPREM, Hélioparc, 2 Av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012 Jan;26(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.01.002. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
This review gives an overview on the analysis of inorganic nickel species and their toxic effects. Based on the analytical procedure applied inorganic nickel species are usually classified in soluble, sulfidic, metallic and oxidic nickel fractions. Only few works were attempting a chemical characterization of the different nickel compounds in each fraction. This general classification in four nickel species groups is widely used in toxicological studies dealing with nickel particulate matter in workplace air. Compared to the general population, occupationally exposed people have a higher risk of respiratory tract cancer due to inhalation of nickel at their workplace in the nickel-producing or using industries. High cancer risk is related to less soluble oxidic and especially sulfidic nickel species in refinery dust. In contrast, within the general population the most harmful health effect related to nickel exposure is allergic contact dermatitis due to prolonged skin contact with nickel. Absorption processes of nickel species and molecular mechanisms of nickel toxicity are briefly outlined.
这篇综述概述了无机镍形态及其毒效分析。基于所采用的分析程序，通常将无机镍形态分为可溶态、硫化物态、金属态和氧化物态镍。仅有少数研究试图对各形态镍中的不同镍化合物进行化学表征。这种将镍分为四大类的通用分类法广泛应用于毒理学研究中，涉及工作场所空气中的镍颗粒物。与一般人群相比，在生产或使用镍的行业中，因工作场所吸入镍，职业性暴露人群患呼吸道癌症的风险更高。高癌症风险与炼油厂粉尘中可溶性较差的氧化态和特别是硫化态镍有关。相比之下，在一般人群中，与镍暴露相关的最有害健康影响是由于长时间皮肤接触镍而导致的过敏性接触性皮炎。本文简要概述了镍形态的吸收过程和镍毒性的分子机制。
