Ober Karen, Matthews Brian, Ferrieri Abigail, Kuhn Sonia
Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610.
Zookeys. 2011(147):183-97. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.147.2024. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
Populations of the ground beetle Scaphinotus petersi are isolated in subalpine conifer forest habitats on mountain ranges or Sky Islands in southeastern Arizona. Previous work on this species has suggested these populations have been isolated since the last post-glacial maximum times as warming caused this cool adapted species to retreat to high elevations. To test this hypothesis, we inferred the phylogeny from mitochondrial DNA sequence data from several Arizona Sky Island populations of Scaphinotus petersi and estimated the divergence time of the currently isolated populations. We found two major clades of Scaphinotus petersi, an eastern clade and a western group. Our results indicated most mountain ranges form clades except the Huachucas, which are polyphyletic and the Santa Catalinas, which are paraphyletic. We estimated the Pinaleño population is much older than the last glacial maximum, but the Huachuca and Pinal populations may have been fragmented from the Santa Catalina population since the post-glacial maximum times.
彼得氏地甲(Scaphinotus petersi)种群孤立于亚利桑那州东南部山脉或天空岛的亚高山针叶林栖息地中。此前对该物种的研究表明,自末次冰期盛期以来,这些种群一直处于隔离状态,因为气候变暖导致这种适应凉爽环境的物种退缩到高海拔地区。为了验证这一假设,我们从彼得氏地甲几个亚利桑那天空岛种群的线粒体DNA序列数据推断系统发育,并估计当前隔离种群的分歧时间。我们发现彼得氏地甲有两个主要分支,一个东部分支和一个西部群体。我们的结果表明,除了多系的瓦丘卡山脉和并系的圣卡塔利娜山脉外,大多数山脉形成了分支。我们估计皮纳莱诺种群比末次冰期盛期要古老得多,但自冰期盛期以来,瓦丘卡和皮纳尔种群可能是从圣卡塔利娜种群中分裂出来的。