Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich, Munich, Germany.
Invest Radiol. 2012 Apr;47(4):231-9. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31823d7946.
To assess the use of 3-dimensional (3D) MR imaging of the ankle with the 3D-turbo-spin-echo-sequence 3D-"Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolutions" (SPACE), as compared with 2-dimensional-turbo-spin-echo-sequence.
After internal review board's approval and informed consent, 15 healthy volunteers and 45 consecutive patients were examined at 3 T with isotropic fat-saturated moderately T2-weighted 3D-SPACE (voxel size: 0.6(3) mm(3)/acquisition time: 6:43 minutes) featuring radial k-space reordering for optimized contrast. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR; CNR, respectively) were calculated with the subtraction method. Using free 3D reconstructions, 2 radiologists independently assessed depiction of cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, as well as detection and grading of abnormalities of these structures (5-point Likert scale) compared with conventional 2-dimensional-TSE-sequences (voxel size: 0.4 × 0.4 × 3 mm(3)/total acquisition time: 11 minutes). Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests, 95% and 99% confidence intervals and weighted κ coefficients.
SNR and CNR of fluid/cartilage were significantly higher for 3D-SPACE (P < 0.05). The isotropic voxel size facilitated improved depiction of the medial and lateral ankle ligaments with significant differences for the calcaneofibular ligament and the anteromedial ligament complex (P < 0.05). In the patient cohort, cartilage and spring ligaments were also significantly better depicted (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the number or in the diagnostic confidence of detected cartilage, ligament, or tendon abnormalities. Interreader correlation was good (κ = 0.69-0.71) for both sequences. The correlation between the 2 sequences was excellent (κ = 0.84-0.85).
3D-SPACE allows 3D acquisition and assessment of the ankle and facilitates depiction of the complex ankle anatomy at sufficient SNR and CNR.
评估使用三维（3D）磁共振成像踝关节的 3D-涡轮自旋回波序列 3D-“采样完美应用优化对比使用不同的翻转角演化”（SPACE），与二维-涡轮自旋回波序列相比。
经内部审查委员会批准并获得知情同意后，15 名健康志愿者和 45 例连续患者在 3T 进行检查，采用各向同性脂肪饱和中度 T2 加权 3D-SPACE（体素大小：0.6（3）mm（3）/采集时间：6:43 分钟），采用径向 k 空间重排进行优化对比。使用减法法计算信号和对比噪声比（SNR；CNR，分别）。使用自由的 3D 重建，2 名放射科医生独立评估软骨、韧带和肌腱的显示，以及这些结构的异常检测和分级（5 分李克特量表）与传统的二维-TSE 序列（体素大小：0.4×0.4×3mm（3）/总采集时间：11 分钟）相比。采用 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验、95%和 99%置信区间和加权 κ 系数进行统计学分析。
3D-SPACE 的 SNR 和 CNR 流体/软骨明显较高（P <0.05）。各向同性体素大小有助于改善内侧和外侧踝关节韧带的显示，跟腓韧带和前内侧韧带复合体有显著差异（P <0.05）。在患者队列中，软骨和弹簧韧带的显示也明显更好（P <0.05）。然而，检测到的软骨、韧带或肌腱异常的数量或诊断信心没有显著差异。两种序列的读者间相关性良好（κ=0.69-0.71）。两种序列之间的相关性极好（κ=0.84-0.85）。
3D-SPACE 允许 3D 采集和评估踝关节，并在足够的 SNR 和 CNR 下促进复杂踝关节解剖结构的显示。
