de Benoist Bruno, McLean Erin, Andersson Maria, Rogers Lisa
Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, CH 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Sep;29(3):195-202. doi: 10.1177/156482650802900305.
Iodine deficiency is a global public health problem, and estimates of the extent of the problem were last produced in 2003.
To provide updated global estimates of the magnitude of iodine deficiency in 2007, to assess progress since 2003, and to provide information on gaps in the data available.
Recently published, nationally representative data on urinary iodine (UI) in school-age children collected between 1997 and 2006 were used to update country estimates of iodine nutrition. These estimates, alongside the 2003 estimates for the remaining countries without new data, were used to generate updated global and regional estimates of iodine nutrition. The median UI was used to classify countries according to the public health significance of their iodine nutrition status. Progress was measured by comparing current prevalence figures with those from 2003. The data available for pregnant women by year of survey were also assessed.
New UI data in school-age children were available for 41 countries, representing 45.4% of the world's school-age children. These data, along with previous country estimates for 89 countries, are the basis for the estimates and represent 91.1% of this population group. An estimated 31.5% of school-age children (266 million) have insufficient iodine intake. In the general population, 2 billion people have insufficient iodine intake. The number of countries where iodine deficiency is a public health problem is 47. Progress has been made: 12 countries have progressed to optimal iodine status, and the percentage ofschool-age children at risk of iodine deficiency has decreased by 5%. However, iodine intake is more than adequate, or even excessive, in 34 countries: an increase from 27 in 2003. There are insufficient data to estimate the global prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women.
Global progress in controlling iodine deficiency has been made since 2003, but efforts need to be accelerated in order to eliminate this debilitating health issue that affects almost one in three individuals globally. Surveillance systems need to be strengthened to monitor both low and excessive intakes of iodine.
碘缺乏是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，上一次对该问题严重程度的评估是在2003年。
提供2007年全球碘缺乏程度的最新评估，评估自2003年以来的进展，并提供现有数据差距方面的信息。
利用最近发表的1997年至2006年间收集的具有全国代表性的学龄儿童尿碘（UI）数据，更新各国碘营养状况的评估。这些评估结果，连同对没有新数据的其余国家的2003年评估结果，被用于生成碘营养状况的全球和区域最新评估数据。根据碘营养状况的公共卫生意义，用尿碘中位数对各国进行分类。通过将当前患病率数据与2003年的数据进行比较来衡量进展情况。还评估了按调查年份提供的孕妇可用数据。
41个国家提供了学龄儿童的新尿碘数据，占全球学龄儿童的45.4%。这些数据，连同之前89个国家的评估数据，是本次评估的基础，占该人群的91.1%。估计31.5%的学龄儿童（2.66亿）碘摄入量不足。在普通人群中，有20亿人碘摄入量不足。碘缺乏成为公共卫生问题的国家有47个。已经取得了进展：12个国家已达到碘适宜状态，碘缺乏风险学龄儿童的比例下降了5%。然而，有34个国家碘摄入量充足甚至过量，比2003年的27个国家有所增加。没有足够的数据来估计全球孕妇碘缺乏的患病率。
自2003年以来，全球在控制碘缺乏方面取得了进展，但仍需加快努力，以消除这个影响全球近三分之一人口的使人衰弱的健康问题。需要加强监测系统，以监测碘的低摄入量和过量摄入量。
