Støer Nathalie C, Samuelsen Sven Ove
Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Lifetime Data Anal. 2012 Jul;18(3):261-83. doi: 10.1007/s10985-012-9214-8. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
Reuse of controls in a nested case-control (NCC) study has not been considered feasible since the controls are matched to their respective cases. However, in the last decade or so, methods have been developed that break the matching and allow for analyses where the controls are no longer tied to their cases. These methods can be divided into two groups; weighted partial likelihood (WPL) methods and full maximum likelihood methods. The weights in the WPL can be estimated in different ways and four estimation procedures are discussed. In addition, we address modifications needed to accommodate left truncation. A full likelihood approach is also presented and we suggest an aggregation technique to decrease the computation time. Furthermore, we generalize calibration for case-cohort designs to NCC studies. We consider a competing risks situation and compare WPL, full likelihood and calibration through simulations and analyses on a real data example.
在巢式病例对照（NCC）研究中复用对照一直被认为不可行，因为对照是与其各自的病例相匹配的。然而，在过去十年左右的时间里，已经开发出了一些方法，这些方法打破了匹配关系，并允许在对照不再与其病例相关联的情况下进行分析。这些方法可分为两组；加权偏似然（WPL）方法和完全最大似然方法。WPL中的权重可以用不同的方式估计，本文讨论了四种估计程序。此外，我们还讨论了为适应左截断所需的修正。我们还提出了一种完全似然方法，并建议采用一种汇总技术来减少计算时间。此外，我们将病例队列设计的校准方法推广到NCC研究中。我们考虑了竞争风险情况，并通过模拟和对一个实际数据示例的分析，比较了WPL、完全似然和校准方法。
