Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia.
Phytother Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):1594-605. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4647. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
Oleo gum resin secreted by Commiphora mukul, also known as gum guggul, has been used widely as an ayurvedic drug. Commiphora mukul is a short thorny shrub that is native to the Indian subcontinent. Oleo gum resin extracted by incision of the bark is a very complex mixture of gum, minerals, essential oils, terpenes, sterols, ferrulates, flavanones and sterones. Its active constituents, the Z- and E-guggulsterones, have been demonstrated to exhibit their biological activities by binding to nuclear receptors and modulating the expression of proteins involved in carcinogenic activities. Guggulsterones have also been reported to regulate gene expression by exhibiting control over other molecular targets including transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and steroid receptors. Considerable scientific evidence indicates the use of gum guggul as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammation, nervous disorders, hyperlipidaemia and associated cardiac disorders such as hypertension and ischaemia, skin disorders, cancer and urinary disorders. This review highlights the taxonomic details, phytochemical properties and pharmacological profile of gum guggul.
没药树分泌的油脂树脂，又称古胶，被广泛用作阿育吠陀药物。没药树是一种短而多刺的灌木，原产于印度次大陆。通过切开树皮提取的油脂树脂是一种非常复杂的树胶、矿物质、精油、萜烯、甾醇、阿魏酸酯、黄酮类和甾酮的混合物。其活性成分 Z-和 E-古柯甾酮通过与核受体结合并调节参与致癌活性的蛋白质的表达来显示其生物活性。古柯甾酮还通过对其他分子靶点（包括转录因子如核因子 (NF)-κB、信号转导和转录激活剂 (STAT) 和甾体受体）的控制，被报道可以调节基因表达。大量科学证据表明，古胶作为一种治疗炎症、神经紊乱、高脂血症和相关心脏疾病（如高血压和缺血）、皮肤疾病、癌症和尿路疾病的治疗剂的使用。本文综述了古胶的分类学细节、植物化学特性和药理学概况。
