Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 Jul;28(5):395-408. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2292. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
In adults, there is evidence that physical activity effectively improves insulin sensitivity regardless of adiposity. Whether this is also the case in children and adolescents is less clear. Clarifying this matter may help to identify the best outcomes to target in exercise programs for these age groups, where changes in adiposity may not always be desirable or realistic. A review of the literature was conducted on studies that examined the relationships of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and strength with insulin sensitivity independent of adiposity in children and adolescents. Experimental (intervention) and correlational (longitudinal and cross-sectional) studies on participants ages 18 years and younger were identified. A total of 42 studies were included in this review. Sample sizes in the studies ranged from 14 to 4955 participants, with individual ages ranging from 5 to 19 years. A significant relationship with insulin sensitivity existed in 78% of studies on physical activity, 69% of studies on cardiorespiratory fitness and 66% of studies on strength. In studies that examined both physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness concurrently, evidence suggests that they are both correlated with insulin sensitivity independent of adiposity, especially when physical activity is at higher intensities. However, the strength of this relationship might be influenced by study design, measurement techniques and participant characteristics. This is the first review of its type to take research design into account and to examine study outcomes according to participant ethnicity, gender, age, pubertal status and weight status.
在成年人中，有证据表明，无论肥胖程度如何，身体活动都能有效地提高胰岛素敏感性。在儿童和青少年中是否也是如此则不太清楚。澄清这一问题可能有助于确定这些年龄段的运动计划的最佳目标结果，因为在这些年龄段，体脂的变化可能并不总是可取或现实的。对研究身体活动、心肺健康和力量与胰岛素敏感性之间的关系的文献进行了综述，这些研究独立于儿童和青少年的肥胖程度。确定了年龄在 18 岁及以下的参与者的实验（干预）和相关（纵向和横断面）研究。这项综述共纳入了 42 项研究。研究的样本量从 14 到 4955 名参与者不等，个体年龄从 5 到 19 岁不等。有 78%的身体活动研究、69%的心肺健康研究和 66%的力量研究与胰岛素敏感性有显著关系。在同时检查身体活动和心肺健康的研究中，有证据表明，它们都与胰岛素敏感性独立于肥胖有关，尤其是当身体活动强度较高时。然而，这种关系的强度可能受到研究设计、测量技术和参与者特征的影响。这是第一份考虑研究设计并根据参与者种族、性别、年龄、青春期状态和体重状况检查研究结果的此类综述。
