Vermont Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont, Given E-214 - UVM363, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 6;9(5):288-96. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.27.
Emerging evidence indicates that patients with cancer have considerable impairments in cardiorespiratory fitness, which is likely to be a result of the direct toxic effects of anticancer therapy as well as the indirect consequences secondary to therapy (for example, deconditioning). This reduced cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with heightened symptoms, functional dependence, and possibly with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current understanding of the complex interaction between the effects of the tumour and cancer-associated therapies on the organ components that govern cardiorespiratory fitness, and the effects of exercise training on these parameters is limited; further research will be critical for further progress of exercise-based rehabilitation in the oncology setting. We assess the current evidence regarding the level, mechanisms, and clinical importance of diminished cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cancer. The efficacy and adaptations to exercise training to prevent and/or mitigate dysfunction in conjunction with exercise prescription considerations for clinical use are also discussed.
新出现的证据表明，癌症患者的心肺适能有相当大的损害，这可能是抗癌治疗的直接毒性作用以及治疗引起的间接后果（例如，身体适应能力下降）的结果。这种心肺适能的降低与症状加重、功能依赖以及心血管发病率和死亡率增加有关。目前对于肿瘤的作用和与癌症相关的治疗对控制心肺适能的器官成分的复杂相互作用以及运动训练对这些参数的影响的了解有限；进一步的研究对于肿瘤患者中基于运动的康复的进一步进展至关重要。我们评估了关于癌症患者心肺适能降低的水平、机制和临床重要性的现有证据。还讨论了预防和/或减轻功能障碍的运动训练的效果和适应性，以及运动处方考虑因素的临床应用。
