Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP 133, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9003, USA.
Am J Occup Ther. 2012 Mar-Apr;66(2):149-60. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2012.002733.
Falls are a serious public health concern among older adults in the United States. Although many fall prevention recommendations exist, such as those published by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and the British Geriatrics Society (BGS) in 2010, the specific role of occupational therapy in these efforts is unclear. This article presents a scoping review of current published research documenting the role of occupational therapy in fall prevention interventions among community-dwelling older adults, structured by the AGS and BGS guidelines. We identified evidence for occupational therapy practitioner involvement in fall prevention in environmental modifications, exercise, and multifactorial and multicomponent interventions. Although research documenting the efficacy of occupational therapy interventions is identified as part of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008), we identified little or no such research examining interventions to modify behaviors (e.g., fear of falling), manage postural hypotension, recommend appropriate footwear, and manage medications. Although occupational therapy is represented in the fall prevention research, the evidence for the profession's role in many areas is still lacking.
在美国，老年人跌倒问题是一个严重的公共卫生关注点。尽管有许多预防跌倒的建议，例如美国老年医学会（AGS）和英国老年医学会（BGS）在 2010 年发布的建议，但职业治疗在这些努力中的具体作用尚不清楚。本文对当前已发表的研究进行了范围综述，这些研究记录了职业治疗在社区居住的老年人跌倒预防干预中的作用，这些研究是根据 AGS 和 BGS 指南进行组织的。我们发现了职业治疗从业者在环境改造、锻炼以及多因素和多组分干预中参与预防跌倒的证据。尽管有研究记录了职业治疗干预的功效，这是职业治疗实践框架的一部分：领域和过程（第二版；美国职业治疗协会，2008 年），但我们发现很少或没有研究检查干预措施来改变行为（例如，害怕跌倒）、管理体位性低血压、推荐合适的鞋子和管理药物。尽管职业治疗在跌倒预防研究中有所体现，但该专业在许多领域的作用仍缺乏证据。
