Kodama K, Ozasa K, Okubo T
Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minamiku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
J Radiol Prot. 2012 Mar;32(1):N51-4. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/32/1/N51. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
With the aim of accurately assessing the effects of radiation exposure in the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation has, over several decades, conducted studies of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort, comprising 93 000 atomic-bomb survivors and 27 000 controls. Solid cancer: the recent report on solid cancer incidence found that at age 70 years following exposure at age 30 years, solid cancer rates increase by about 35% Gy(-1) for men and 58% Gy(-1) for women. Age-at-exposure is an important risk modifier. In the case of lung cancer, cigarette smoking has been found to be an important risk modifier. Radiation has similar effects on first-primary and second-primary cancer risks. Finally, radiation-associated increases in cancer rates appear to persist throughout life. Leukaemia: the recent report on leukaemia mortality suggests that radiation effects on leukaemia mortality persisted for more than 50 years. Moreover, significant dose-response for myelodysplastic syndrome was observed in Nagasaki LSS members even 40-60 years after radiation exposure. Future perspective: given the continuing solid cancer increase in the survivor population, the LSS will likely continue to provide important new information on radiation exposure and solid cancer risks for another 15-20 years, especially for those exposed at a young age.
为了准确评估辐射暴露对日本原子弹幸存者的影响，辐射效应研究基金会在过去几十年里对寿命研究（LSS）队列进行了研究，该队列包括93000名原子弹幸存者和27000名对照者。实体癌：最近关于实体癌发病率的报告发现，30岁时受到辐射，70岁时实体癌发病率男性约每戈瑞（Gy）增加35%，女性约每戈瑞增加58%。暴露年龄是一个重要的风险修正因素。就肺癌而言，吸烟已被发现是一个重要的风险修正因素。辐射对原发性和继发性癌症风险有类似影响。最后，辐射导致的癌症发病率增加似乎终生存在。白血病：最近关于白血病死亡率的报告表明，辐射对白血病死亡率的影响持续了50多年。此外，在长崎LSS成员中，即使在辐射暴露40 - 60年后，骨髓增生异常综合征也观察到显著的剂量反应。未来展望：鉴于幸存者群体中实体癌持续增加，LSS可能会在未来15 - 20年继续提供关于辐射暴露和实体癌风险的重要新信息，特别是对于那些年轻时受到辐射的人。
