Chair of training and computer science in sports, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
J Sports Sci. 2012;30(7):619-24. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.667877. Epub 2012 Mar 12.
The objectives of the study were to analyse game interruptions of league soccer in detail and the tactical use of game interruptions. Sixteen matches of a German first league soccer team were observed. An observational system was designed to assess interruption types, score, duration of interruption, location of interruption, time of interruption and number of occurrences. Results showed that there is an average of 108 interruptions per match. Throw-ins (40) and free kicks (33) were most frequent. Goal kicks (17), corner kicks (10), substitutions (4), and kick offs (3) occurred less often. Drop balls, penalties, and injuries occurred least often. For 38% of the total match time observed, matches were halted. The mean duration of running and interrupted match parts were 32.1 s and 18.7 s, respectively. The analysis showed significant differences concerning the influence of the location of interruption, score, and time of interruption on the duration of different interruption types (P < 0.05). The results of the study showed the tactical use of game interruptions during league soccer matches, e.g. goal kicks of the leading team take longer towards the end of the match. Examining game interruptions has turned out to be a valuable source of information adding to our knowledge of soccer. We have shown evidence that the durations of many interruptions serve tactical purposes, a well-known hypothesis in practice.
本研究的目的是详细分析联赛足球比赛中的暂停以及暂停的战术运用。观察了一支德国甲级联赛足球队的 16 场比赛。设计了一个观察系统来评估中断类型、比分、中断持续时间、中断位置、中断时间和发生次数。结果显示，每场比赛平均有 108 次中断。掷界外球（40 次）和任意球（33 次）最为频繁。球门球（17 次）、角球（10 次）、换人（4 次）和开球（3 次）出现的频率较低。手抛球、点球和受伤出现的频率最低。观察到的总比赛时间的 38%用于暂停比赛。跑动和中断比赛部分的平均持续时间分别为 32.1 秒和 18.7 秒。分析显示，中断位置、比分和中断时间对不同中断类型持续时间的影响存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。研究结果表明，在联赛足球比赛中存在暂停的战术运用，例如领先球队的球门球在比赛结束时会持续更长时间。对比赛中断的研究已成为我们对足球运动认识的重要信息来源。我们已经证明，许多中断的持续时间都有战术目的，这是实践中一个众所周知的假设。
