Gomes Ligia C, Scorrano Luca
Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jan;1833(1):205-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.012. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Mitochondria are critical organelles in energy conversion, metabolism and amplification of signalling. They are however also major sources of reactive oxygen species and when dysfunctional they consume cytosolic ATP. Maintenance of a cohort of healthy mitochondria is therefore crucial for the overall cell fitness. Superfluous or damaged organelles are mainly degraded by mitophagy, a selective process of autophagy. In response to the triggers of mitophagy, mitochondria fragment: this morphological change accompanies the exposure of "eat-me" signals, resulting in the engulfment of the organelle by the autophagosomes. Conversely, during macroautophagy mitochondria fuse to be spared from degradation and to sustain ATP production in times of limited nutrient availability. Thus, mitochondrial shape defines different types of autophagy, highlighting the interplay between morphology of the organelle and complex cellular responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial dynamics and physiology.
线粒体是能量转换、新陈代谢和信号放大过程中的关键细胞器。然而，它们也是活性氧的主要来源，功能失调时会消耗胞质ATP。因此，维持一群健康的线粒体对细胞的整体健康至关重要。多余或受损的细胞器主要通过线粒体自噬（一种选择性自噬过程）进行降解。响应线粒体自噬的触发因素，线粒体发生片段化：这种形态变化伴随着“吃我”信号的暴露，导致自噬体对细胞器的吞噬。相反，在巨自噬过程中，线粒体融合以避免被降解，并在营养供应有限时维持ATP的产生。因此，线粒体形态定义了不同类型的自噬，突出了细胞器形态与复杂细胞反应之间的相互作用。本文是名为“线粒体动力学与生理学”的特刊的一部分。
