Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IFREMER, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Feb;2(1):103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.029. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
Shellfish are known as vectors for human pathogens and despite regulation based on enteric bacteria they are still implicated in viral outbreaks. Among shellfish, oysters are the most common vector of contamination, and the pathogens most frequently involved in these outbreaks are noroviruses, responsible for acute gastroenteritis in humans. Analysis of shellfish-related outbreak data worldwide show an unexpected high proportion of NoV GI strains. Recent studies performed in vitro, in vivo and in the environment indicate that oysters are not just passive filters, but can selectively accumulate norovirus strains based on viral carbohydrate ligands shared with humans. These observations contribute to explain the GI bias observed in shellfish-related outbreaks compared to other outbreaks.
贝类被认为是人类病原体的载体，尽管基于肠道细菌进行了监管，但它们仍然与病毒爆发有关。在贝类中，牡蛎是最常见的污染载体，而这些爆发中最常涉及的病原体是诺如病毒，它会导致人类急性肠胃炎。对全球贝类相关爆发数据的分析显示，GI 型诺如病毒的比例出人意料地高。最近在体外、体内和环境中进行的研究表明，牡蛎不仅仅是被动的过滤器，还可以根据与人类共享的病毒碳水化合物配体选择性地积累诺如病毒株。这些观察结果有助于解释与贝类相关的爆发与其他爆发相比观察到的 GI 偏向。
