Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):329-49. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.002.
Thyroid nodules are common entities, clinically important primarily because of their malignant potential. Serum thyrotropin and thyroid ultrasonography are pivotal in evaluating thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most accurate tool for diagnosing malignancy and selecting candidates for surgery. An approach to the initial evaluation and management of single nodules, functioning nodules, multinodular glands, incidental nodules, and cysts is discussed, as are therapeutic interventions for benign nodules. Thyroid cancer discovered during pregnancy is also discussed.
甲状腺结节很常见，但因其具有恶性潜能而具有重要的临床意义。血清促甲状腺激素和甲状腺超声检查对于评估甲状腺结节至关重要。细针抽吸活检是诊断恶性肿瘤和选择手术候选人的最准确工具。本文讨论了单发结节、功能性结节、多结节性甲状腺肿、偶然发现的结节和囊肿的初始评估和管理方法，以及良性结节的治疗干预措施。本文还讨论了在怀孕期间发现的甲状腺癌。
