AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005 Paris, France.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2012 Nov;71(4):446-55. doi: 10.1017/S0029665112000110. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
Recent advances highlight that nutrient receptors (such as T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer, Ca sensing receptor and GPR93 for amino acids and protein, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120 for fatty acids, T1R2/T1R3 heterodimer for monosaccharides) are expressed in the apical face of the gut and sense nutrients in the lumen. They transduce signals for the regulation of nutrient transporter expressions in the apical face. Interestingly, they are also localised in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) and mainly exert a direct control on the secretion in the lamina propria of gastro-intestinal peptides such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY in response to energy nutrient transit and absorption in the gut. This informs central nuclei involved in the control of feeding such as the hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract of the availability of these nutrients and thus triggers adaptive responses to maintain energy homoeostasis. These nutrient receptors then have a prominent position since they manage nutrient absorption and are principally the generator of the first signal of satiation mechanisms mainly transmitted to the brain by vagal afferents. Moreover, tastants are also able to elicit gut peptides secretion via chemosensory receptors expressed in EEC. Targeting these nutrient and tastant receptors in EEC may thus be helpful to promote satiation and so to fight overfeeding and its consequences.
最近的研究进展表明，营养受体（如 T1R1/T1R3 异二聚体、钙敏感受体和 GPR93 用于氨基酸和蛋白质、GPR40、GPR41、GPR43 和 GPR120 用于脂肪酸、T1R2/T1R3 异二聚体用于单糖）在肠道的顶端表面表达，并在腔中感知营养物质。它们传递信号，调节顶端表面的营养转运体表达。有趣的是，它们也定位于肠内分泌细胞（EEC）中，主要通过直接控制胃肠肽（如胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽-1 和肽 YY）在固有层中的分泌，来响应能量营养物质在肠道中的转运和吸收。这向涉及进食控制的中枢核（如下丘脑和孤束核）提供了这些营养素的可用性信息，从而触发适应性反应以维持能量稳态。这些营养受体因此具有重要地位，因为它们管理营养吸收，并且主要是饱腹感机制的第一信号发生器，主要通过迷走传入纤维传递到大脑。此外，味觉剂也能够通过 EEC 中表达的化学感受受体引发肠道肽的分泌。因此，针对 EEC 中的这些营养和味觉受体可能有助于促进饱腹感，从而对抗过度进食及其后果。
