Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2012 Aug;40(6):874-88. doi: 10.3758/s13421-012-0202-8.
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that selectively retrieving some information impairs subsequent memory for related but nonretrieved information. This occurs both for the individual doing the remembering (i.e., within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting: WI-RIF), as well as for individuals merely listening to those recollections (i.e., socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting: SS-RIF). In the present study, we examined how the contextual factors of age and emotion independently and interactively affect both WI-RIF and SS-RIF. The results indicated that both WI-RIF and SS-RIF occurred at equivalent levels, both for younger and older adults and for neutral and emotional information. However, we identified a boundary condition to this effect: People only exhibited SS-RIF when the speaker that they were listening to was of the same sex as themselves. Given that participants reported feeling closer to same-sex speakers, this suggests that people co-retrieve more, and therefore exhibit increased SS-RIF, with close others. In everyday life, these RIF effects should influence what information is remembered versus forgotten in individual and collective memories.
提取诱发遗忘（retrieval-induced forgetting，RIF）是指这样一种发现：选择性地提取某些信息会损害随后对相关但未被提取信息的记忆。这种现象不仅发生在进行记忆的个体身上（即个体内提取诱发遗忘：within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting，WI-RIF），也发生在仅仅倾听那些回忆的个体身上（即社会共享提取诱发遗忘：socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting，SS-RIF）。在本研究中，我们考察了年龄和情绪这两个上下文因素如何独立地和交互地影响 WI-RIF 和 SS-RIF。结果表明，无论是年轻人还是老年人，无论是中性信息还是情绪信息，WI-RIF 和 SS-RIF 都以相同的水平发生。然而，我们发现了一个对此效应的边界条件：只有当听众与说话者的性别相同时，人们才会表现出 SS-RIF。鉴于参与者报告说与同性说话者更亲近，这表明人们与亲近的人共同回忆更多的信息，因此会表现出更强的 SS-RIF。在日常生活中，这些 RIF 效应应该会影响个体和集体记忆中哪些信息被记住，哪些信息被遗忘。
