Center for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE) and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul;120(7):971-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104584. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Evidence of associations between neighborhood built environments and transport-related physical activity (PA) is accumulating, but few studies have investigated associations with leisure-time PA.
We investigated associations of five objectively measured characteristics of the neighborhood built environment-destination access, street connectivity, dwelling density, land-use mix and streetscape quality-with residents' self-reported PA (transport, leisure, and walking) and accelerometer-derived measures of PA.
Using a multicity stratified cluster sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2,033 adults who lived in 48 New Zealand neighborhoods. Multilevel regression modeling, which was adjusted for individual-level (sociodemographic and neighborhood preference) and neighborhood-level (deprivation) confounders, was used to estimate associations of built environment with PA.
We found that 1-SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were associated with any versus no self-reported transport, leisure, or walking PA, with increased odds ranging from 21% [street connectivity with leisure PA, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0%, 47%] to 44% (destination accessibility with walking, 95% CI: 17%, 79%). Among participants who self-reported some PA, a 1-SD increase in street connectivity was associated with a 13% increase in leisure PA (95% CI: 0, 28%). SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were each associated with 7% increases in accelerometer counts.
Associations of neighborhood destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density with self-reported and objectively measured PA were moderately strong, indicating the potential to increase PA through changes in neighborhood characteristics.
越来越多的证据表明社区建成环境与与交通相关的身体活动（PA）之间存在关联，但很少有研究调查与休闲时间 PA 的关联。
我们调查了社区建成环境的五个客观测量特征——目的地可达性、街道连通性、住宅密度、土地利用混合度和街道景观质量——与居民自我报告的 PA（交通、休闲和步行）以及加速度计测量的 PA 之间的关联。
我们使用多城市分层聚类抽样设计，对居住在新西兰 48 个社区的 2033 名成年人进行了横断面调查。使用多水平回归模型，调整了个体水平（社会人口统计学和邻里偏好）和邻里水平（贫困）混杂因素，估计了建成环境与 PA 的关联。
我们发现，目的地可达性、街道连通性和住宅密度每增加 1 个标准差，与自我报告的任何交通、休闲或步行 PA 相比，出现 PA 的几率增加了 21%[街道连通性与休闲 PA，95%置信区间（CI）：0%，47%]到 44%（目的地可达性与步行，95% CI：17%，79%）。在自我报告有一些 PA 的参与者中，街道连通性每增加 1 个标准差，休闲 PA 就会增加 13%（95% CI：0，28%）。目的地可达性、街道连通性和住宅密度每增加 1 个标准差，加速度计计数就会分别增加 7%。
社区目的地可达性、街道连通性和住宅密度与自我报告和客观测量的 PA 之间存在中等强度的关联，这表明通过改变社区特征有可能增加 PA。
