Safety and Policy Analysis International, 3798 Mosswood Dr., Lafayette, CA 94549, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(2):93-5. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2011.634464.
A great deal of progress has been made in reducing alcohol-impaired driving crashes and the related injuries and deaths in countries around the world. Unfortunately, this progress has not been shared by many low- and middle-income countries. In response to this disparity, a variety of international efforts have been undertaken, including the Drink Driving Initiative of Global Actions on Harmful Drinking, being carried out with a focus on 6 low- and middle-income countries where drink driving is a significant issue. These countries are China, Colombia, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and Vietnam. This article provides an overview of situational assessments that describe the current drink driving problems in these countries and the laws, policies, enforcement efforts, and public attitudes related to drink driving. These descriptions show clearly that there are particular challenges faced by the countries discussed here. Some, such as a lack of reliable traffic safety data, are common to most of the countries. This lack of data may be interrelated with the lack of well-developed drink driving policies. Other challenges vary depending on the particular geographic, economic, cultural, and social situations in each country. The assessments indicate the need for a focus on capacity building at the organizational and individual level in the target countries. The assessments also indicate that a long-term commitment to strengthening policies, implementation, and evaluation will be needed. This deeper understanding of the situations in each of these countries is already being put to use in what we hope is the beginning of an important and lifesaving process.
在减少全球各国因酒后驾车导致的事故以及相关伤害和死亡方面，已经取得了很大进展。然而，许多低收入和中等收入国家并未从中受益。为了应对这一差距，国际社会采取了多种措施，包括“有害饮酒全球行动酒驾倡议”，重点关注中国、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、尼日利亚、俄罗斯和越南这 6 个存在严重酒驾问题的低收入和中等收入国家。本文概述了这些国家目前的酒驾问题，以及与酒驾相关的法律、政策、执法力度和公众态度。这些描述清楚地表明，所讨论的国家面临着一些特殊的挑战。有些挑战，如缺乏可靠的交通安全数据，在大多数国家都很常见。这种数据的缺乏可能与酒驾政策不够完善有关。其他挑战则因每个国家的地理、经济、文化和社会情况而异。评估结果表明，目标国家需要注重组织和个人层面的能力建设。评估结果还表明，需要长期致力于加强政策、实施和评估。对这些国家具体情况的深入了解，已经被用于我们希望开启的一个重要且拯救生命的进程之中。
