Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 Apr;65(4):471-96. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.009. Epub 2012 Mar 20.
The development of smart biomaterials for tissue regeneration has become the focus of intense research interest. More opportunities are available by the composite approach of combining the biomaterials in the form of biopolymers and/or bioceramics either synthetic or natural. Strategies to provide smart capabilities to the composite biomaterials primarily seek to achieve matrices that are instructive/inductive to cells, or that stimulate/trigger target cell responses that are crucial in the tissue regeneration processes. Here, we review in-depth, recent developments concerning smart composite biomaterials available for delivery systems of biofactors and cells and scaffolding matrices in tissue engineering. Smart composite designs are possible by modulating the bulk and surface properties that mimic the native tissues, either in chemical (extracellular matrix molecules) or in physical properties (e.g. stiffness), or by introducing external therapeutic molecules (drugs, proteins and genes) within the structure in a way that allows sustainable and controllable delivery, even time-dependent and sequential delivery of multiple biofactors. Responsiveness to internal or external stimuli, including pH, temperature, ionic strength, and magnetism, is another promising means to improve the multifunctionality in smart scaffolds with on-demand delivery potential. These approaches will provide the next-generation platforms for designing three-dimensional matrices and delivery systems for tissue regenerative applications.
用于组织再生的智能生物材料的发展已成为研究热点。通过将生物聚合物和/或生物陶瓷以合成或天然形式组合的复合方法，可以获得更多的机会。为复合材料提供智能功能的策略主要旨在实现对细胞具有指导性/诱导性的基质，或者刺激/触发在组织再生过程中至关重要的靶细胞反应。在这里，我们深入回顾了可用于生物因子和细胞输送系统以及组织工程支架的智能复合生物材料的最新进展。通过调节模拟天然组织的体相和表面特性（例如细胞外基质分子的化学性质或弹性模量的物理性质），或者通过以允许可持续和可控释放的方式在结构内引入外部治疗分子（药物、蛋白质和基因），甚至可以实现时间依赖性和顺序释放多种生物因子的方式，实现智能复合材料的设计。对内部或外部刺激（包括 pH 值、温度、离子强度和磁性）的响应是另一种提高智能支架多功能性的有前途的方法，具有按需输送的潜力。这些方法将为设计用于组织再生应用的三维基质和输送系统提供下一代平台。
