Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Apr;87(4):403-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.11.016.
Nocardia, a gram-positive bacillus with the microscopic appearance of branching hyphae, can produce considerable disease in the appropriate host. The taxonomy of Nocardia continues to evolve; more than 50 species have been described. Early recognition and effective therapy are imperative to achieve successful outcomes. Although nocardiosis typically occurs in patients with cell-mediated immunosuppressive conditions, infection may occasionally develop in immunocompetent patients as well. This review addresses the microbiology of Nocardia, risk factors for infection, clinical presentations, and management strategies.
诺卡菌，一种革兰阳性杆菌，具有分支状菌丝的微观外观，在合适的宿主中可引起严重疾病。诺卡菌的分类学仍在不断发展；已经描述了超过 50 种。早期识别和有效治疗对于获得成功的结果至关重要。尽管诺卡菌病通常发生在细胞介导的免疫抑制患者中，但免疫功能正常的患者也可能偶尔发生感染。本文综述了诺卡菌的微生物学、感染的危险因素、临床表现和治疗策略。
