Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy.
Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 10;9(1):13025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49553-8.
Fully protected areas (FPAs) help preserving biodiversity and reversing the global decline of fishery resources. Stocks of the European spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabr. 1787), among the most precious gourmet seafood worldwide, are currently facing a dramatic decline. Previous attempts of recovery based on fishery restrictions or active post-larval restocking in marine reserves provided unsuccessful outcomes. Here we present results of a 5-year restocking program carried through a Collaborative Fishery Research (CFR) project, in three ad-hoc established FPAs replenished using below-legal size wild juveniles. Results showed that Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in terms of both density and biomass burst (by ca. 300-700%) just 2 years since FPAs establishment, regardless of location. We also report tangible spillover effects (ca. 30-50% increase in density and biomass CPUE outside the FPAs) by the end of the program. Data from a 15-years lasting monitoring of a pilot FPA established in 1998, where the restocking protocol was conducted and protection kept in force once restocking ceased, demonstrated the persistence in time of restocking' benefits. We foster that creation of FPAs assisted with local restocking under oriented CFR programs can represent an option for the recovery of European spiny lobster stocks from overfishing.
完全保护区（FPAs）有助于保护生物多样性和扭转全球渔业资源减少的趋势。欧洲刺龙虾 Palinurus elephas（Fabr. 1787）的种群目前正面临着急剧下降的趋势，这种龙虾是世界上最珍贵的美食海鲜之一。之前基于渔业限制或在海洋保护区进行主动幼体放流的恢复尝试都没有成功。在这里，我们介绍了一项为期 5 年的放流计划的结果，该计划是通过一个合作渔业研究（CFR）项目进行的，在三个专门建立的 FPAs 中，使用低于法定尺寸的野生幼体进行了补充。结果表明，自 FPAs 建立以来的短短 2 年内，无论是在哪个地点，单位捕捞努力量的渔获量（无论是密度还是生物量）都出现了爆发式增长（约 300-700%）。我们还报告了在计划结束时，FPAs 外的渔获量（密度和生物量 CPUE 约增加 30-50%）的明显溢出效应。对 1998 年建立的一个试点 FPA 进行了长达 15 年的监测，该试点 FPA 进行了放流协议并在放流停止后继续实施保护措施，该监测数据表明，放流的好处具有时间持久性。我们认为，在有针对性的 CFR 计划的协助下建立 FPAs 并进行本地放流，可以成为恢复过度捕捞的欧洲刺龙虾种群的一种选择。
