Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Environ Health. 2012 Apr 2;11:20. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-20.
Exposure to endocrine active compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), remains poorly characterized in developing countries despite the fact that behavioral practices related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. BPA is a high production volume chemical that has been associated with metabolic dysfunction as well as behavioral and developmental effects in people, including children. In this pilot study, we evaluate BPA exposure and assess likely pathways of exposure among girls from urban and rural Egypt.
We measured urinary concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA in spot samples in urban (N = 30) and rural (N = 30) Egyptian girls, and compared these concentrations to preexisting data from age-matched American girls (N = 47) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We also collected anthropometric and questionnaire data regarding food storage behaviors to assess potential routes of exposure.
Urban and rural Egyptian girls exhibited similar concentrations of urinary total BPA, with median unadjusted values of 1.00 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. Concentrations of urinary BPA in this group of Egyptian girls (median unadjusted: 0.70 ng/mL) were significantly lower compared to age-matched American girls (median unadjusted: 2.60 ng/mL) according to NHANES 2009-2010 data. Reported storage of food in plastic containers was a significant predictor of increasing concentrations of urinary BPA.
Despite the relatively low urinary BPA concentrations within this Egyptian cohort, the significant association between food storage behaviors and increasing urinary BPA concentration highlights the need to understand food and consumer product patterns that may be closing the gap between urban and rural lifestyles.
尽管与西方化相关的行为实践有可能影响接触，但发展中国家对内分泌活性化合物（包括双酚 A [BPA]）的接触仍知之甚少。BPA 是一种高产量的化学物质，已被证明与代谢功能障碍以及人类（包括儿童）的行为和发育影响有关。在这项初步研究中，我们评估了城市和农村埃及女孩的 BPA 暴露情况，并评估了可能的暴露途径。
我们测量了城市（N=30）和农村（N=30）埃及女孩的点样中总（游离加共轭）BPA 物种的尿浓度，并将这些浓度与美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中年龄匹配的美国女孩（N=47）的现有数据进行了比较。我们还收集了有关食物储存行为的人体测量和问卷调查数据，以评估潜在的暴露途径。
城市和农村埃及女孩的尿液总 BPA 浓度相似，未调整中位数分别为 1.00 和 0.60ng/ml。根据 NHANES 2009-2010 数据，与年龄匹配的美国女孩（未调整中位数：2.60ng/ml）相比，该组埃及女孩的尿液 BPA 浓度（未调整中位数：0.70ng/ml）显著降低。报告将食物储存在塑料容器中是尿液 BPA 浓度增加的一个显著预测因素。
尽管埃及队列中尿液 BPA 浓度相对较低，但食物储存行为与尿液 BPA 浓度增加之间的显著关联突出表明需要了解可能缩小城乡生活方式差距的食品和消费品模式。
