University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, 005 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
Addict Behav. 2012 Jul;37(7):848-55. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.016. Epub 2012 Mar 17.
Trait impulsivity is a reliable, robust predictor of risky, problematic alcohol use. Mounting evidence supports a multidimensional model of impulsivity, whereby several distinct traits serve as personality pathways to rash action. Different impulsivity-related traits may predispose individuals to drink for different reasons (e.g., to enhance pleasure, to cope with distress) and these different motives may, in turn, influence drinking behavior. Previous findings support such a mediational model for two well-studied traits: sensation seeking and lack of premeditation. This study addresses other impulsivity-related traits, including negative urgency. College students (N=432) completed questionnaires assessing personality, drinking motives, and multiple indicators of problematic drinking. Negative urgency, sensation seeking, and lack of premeditation were all significantly related to problematic drinking. When drinking motives were included in the model, direct effects for sensation seeking and lack of premeditation remained significant, and indirect effects of sensation seeking and lack of premeditation on problematic drinking were observed through enhancement motives. A distinct pathway was observed for negative urgency. Negative urgency bore a significant total effect on problematic drinking through both coping and enhancement motives. This study highlights unique motivational pathways through which different impulsive traits may operate, suggesting that interventions aimed at preventing or reducing problematic drinking should be tailored to individuals' personalities. For instance, individuals high in negative urgency may benefit from learning healthier strategies for coping with distress.
冲动特质是预测危险、问题性饮酒行为的可靠且稳健的指标。越来越多的证据支持冲动的多维模型,即几个不同的特质作为个性途径导致轻率行为。不同的冲动相关特质可能使个体出于不同的原因(例如,为了增强愉悦感,为了应对痛苦)而饮酒,而这些不同的动机反过来又可能影响饮酒行为。之前的研究结果支持了这种中介模型,即两个研究充分的特质:感觉寻求和缺乏预谋。本研究涉及其他与冲动相关的特质,包括负性冲动。大学生(N=432)完成了评估人格、饮酒动机和多种问题性饮酒指标的问卷。负性冲动、感觉寻求和缺乏预谋都与问题性饮酒显著相关。当将饮酒动机纳入模型时,感觉寻求和缺乏预谋的直接效应仍然显著,并且通过增强动机观察到感觉寻求和缺乏预谋对问题性饮酒的间接效应。对于负性冲动,观察到了一个独特的途径。负性冲动通过应对和增强动机对问题性饮酒产生显著的总效应。本研究强调了不同冲动特质可能通过独特的动机途径发挥作用,这表明旨在预防或减少问题性饮酒的干预措施应该针对个体的个性进行定制。例如,负性冲动较高的个体可能会受益于学习更健康的应对痛苦的策略。