Center for exercise metabolism and nutrition (CeMENutri), Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012 Apr 4;4:12. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-12.
High plasma uric acid (UA) is a precipitating factor for gout and renal calculi as well as a strong risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The main causes for higher plasma UA are either lower excretion, higher synthesis or both. Higher waist circumference and the BMI are associated with higher insulin resistance and leptin production, and both reduce uric acid excretion. The synthesis of fatty acids (tryglicerides) in the liver is associated with the de novo synthesis of purine, accelerating UA production. The role played by diet on hyperuricemia has not yet been fully clarified, but high intake of fructose-rich industrialized food and high alcohol intake (particularly beer) seem to influence uricemia. It is not known whether UA would be a causal factor or an antioxidant protective response. Most authors do not consider the UA as a risk factor, but presenting antioxidant function. UA contributes to > 50% of the antioxidant capacity of the blood. There is still no consensus if UA is a protective or a risk factor, however, it seems that acute elevation is a protective factor, whereas chronic elevation a risk for disease.
高血浆尿酸（UA）是痛风和肾结石的诱发因素，也是代谢综合征和心血管疾病的一个强烈危险因素。血浆 UA 升高的主要原因是排泄减少、合成增加或两者兼而有之。较高的腰围和 BMI 与较高的胰岛素抵抗和瘦素产生有关，两者都会减少尿酸排泄。肝脏中脂肪酸（甘油三酯）的合成与嘌呤的从头合成有关，加速 UA 的产生。饮食对高尿酸血症的作用尚未完全阐明，但富含果糖的工业化食品和大量饮酒（特别是啤酒）的摄入似乎会影响血尿酸水平。目前尚不清楚 UA 是一个因果因素还是一种抗氧化保护反应。大多数作者不认为 UA 是一个危险因素，而是具有抗氧化功能。UA 对血液的抗氧化能力贡献超过 50%。UA 是否是一种保护因素或危险因素仍存在争议，然而，急性升高似乎是一种保护因素，而慢性升高则是疾病的风险因素。
