US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
J Food Sci. 2012 Apr;77(4):R118-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02657.x. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Food ingredient fraud and economically motivated adulteration are emerging risks, but a comprehensive compilation of information about known problematic ingredients and detection methods does not currently exist. The objectives of this research were to collect such information from publicly available articles in scholarly journals and general media, organize into a database, and review and analyze the data to identify trends. The results summarized are a database that will be published in the US Pharmacopeial Convention's Food Chemicals Codex, 8th edition, and includes 1305 records, including 1000 records with analytical methods collected from 677 references. Olive oil, milk, honey, and saffron were the most common targets for adulteration reported in scholarly journals, and potentially harmful issues identified include spices diluted with lead chromate and lead tetraoxide, substitution of Chinese star anise with toxic Japanese star anise, and melamine adulteration of high protein content foods. High-performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were the most common analytical detection procedures, and chemometrics data analysis was used in a large number of reports. Future expansion of this database will include additional publically available articles published before 1980 and in other languages, as well as data outside the public domain. The authors recommend in-depth analyses of individual incidents.
This report describes the development and application of a database of food ingredient fraud issues from publicly available references. The database provides baseline information and data useful to governments, agencies, and individual companies assessing the risks of specific products produced in specific regions as well as products distributed and sold in other regions. In addition, the report describes current analytical technologies for detecting food fraud and identifies trends and developments.
食品成分欺诈和受经济利益驱动的掺假是新出现的风险，但目前没有关于已知问题成分和检测方法的综合信息汇编。本研究的目的是从学术期刊和大众媒体的公开文章中收集此类信息，将其整理到数据库中，并对数据进行审查和分析，以确定趋势。总结的结果是一个数据库，将发表在美国药典的食品化学法典，第 8 版，其中包括 1305 条记录，包括 1000 条记录与分析方法从 677 个参考文献收集。橄榄油、牛奶、蜂蜜和藏红花是学术期刊中报道的最常见的掺假目标，确定的潜在有害问题包括用铬酸铅和四氧化铅稀释的香料、用有毒的日本八角茴香代替中国八角茴香，以及三聚氰胺掺假高蛋白含量的食品。高效液相色谱法和红外光谱法是最常见的分析检测程序，大量报告中使用了化学计量数据分析。未来将扩展这个数据库，包括 1980 年以前和其他语言出版的更多公开文章，以及公共领域以外的数据。作者建议对个别事件进行深入分析。
本报告描述了一个从公开参考文献中开发和应用食品成分欺诈问题数据库的情况。该数据库提供了有用的基线信息和数据，供政府、机构和个别公司评估特定产品在特定地区的风险，以及在其他地区分销和销售的产品。此外，该报告还描述了当前用于检测食品欺诈的分析技术，并确定了趋势和发展。
