Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Ann Med. 2013 Mar;45(2):120-8. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2012.671537. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
There is a paucity of detailed information about the role of childhood food patterns or on the impact of individual nutrients on adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD). We review here the reports that have investigated these questions in the Young Finns Study with its 3596 subjects at baseline, aged 3 to 18 years. All the participants filled in a food habit questionnaire, and half of them provided a 48-hour dietary recall interview. In adulthood, cardiovascular risk factors as well as structural and functional markers of subclinical atherosclerosis were measured, i.e. carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT), and measurements of arterial elasticity and brachial artery endothelial function. Our data demonstrate that dietary patterns can already be identified in childhood. These patterns remain relatively stable over the life-course and associate with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. For example, a traditional dietary pattern characterized by low intakes of fruits and vegetables was associated with elevated increased adulthood IMT especially in men, whereas a diet with a high intake of vegetables was independently associated with increased arterial elasticity in both genders. Our findings and the current literature suggest that childhood nutrition has a significant role in the progression of CVD.
关于儿童时期的食物模式在成年后心血管疾病（CVD）中的作用，或者关于个别营养素的影响，相关信息十分有限。我们在此回顾了在“年轻芬兰人研究”中对这些问题的报告，该研究共有 3596 名 3 至 18 岁的受试者作为研究对象。所有参与者都填写了一份饮食习惯问卷，其中一半人提供了 48 小时饮食回忆访谈。在成年期，还测量了心血管危险因素以及亚临床动脉粥样硬化的结构和功能标志物，即颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT），以及动脉弹性和肱动脉内皮功能的测量。我们的数据表明，儿童时期就可以确定饮食模式。这些模式在整个生命周期中相对稳定，并与心血管危险因素和亚临床动脉粥样硬化的血管标志物相关。例如，一种以低水果和蔬菜摄入量为特征的传统饮食模式与成年后 IMT 的升高有关，尤其是在男性中，而高蔬菜摄入量的饮食与两性的动脉弹性增加独立相关。我们的研究结果和当前的文献表明，儿童期营养在 CVD 的发展中具有重要作用。
