Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Belgium.
Prev Vet Med. 2012 Sep 1;106(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
The monitoring of antimicrobial use is an essential step to control the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Between January and October 2010 data on prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use were collected retrospectively on 50 closed or semi-closed pig herds. Ninety-three percent of the group treatments were prophylactic whereas only 7% were methaphylactic. The most frequently used antimicrobials orally applied at group level were colistin (30.7%), amoxicillin (30.0%), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (13.1%), doxycycline (9.9%) and tylosin (8.1%). The most frequently applied injectable antimicrobials were tulathromycin (45.0%), long acting ceftiofur (40.1%) and long acting amoxicillin (8.4%). The treatment incidences (TI) based on the used daily dose pig (UDD(pig) or the actually administered dose per day per kg pig of a drug) for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was on average 200.7 per 1000 pigs at risk per day (min=0, max=699.0), while the TI based on the animal daily dose pig (ADD(pig) or the national defined average maintenance dose per day per kg pig of a drug used for its main indication) was slightly higher (average=235.8, min=0, max=1322.1). This indicates that in reality fewer pigs were treated with the same amount of antimicrobials than theoretically possible. Injectable products were generally overdosed (79.5%), whereas oral treatments were often underdosed (47.3%). In conclusion, this study shows that prophylactic group treatment was applied in 98% of the visited herds and often includes the use of critically important and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In Belgium, the guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials are not yet implemented.
抗菌药物使用监测是控制抗菌药物耐药性选择和传播的重要步骤。2010 年 1 月至 10 月期间，对 50 个封闭或半封闭猪群进行了回顾性数据收集，以监测预防性和治疗性抗菌药物的使用。群体治疗中 93%为预防性，仅 7%为治疗性。在群体水平上经口应用最频繁的抗菌药物是黏菌素（30.7%）、阿莫西林（30.0%）、复方磺胺甲噁唑（13.1%）、强力霉素（9.9%）和泰乐菌素（8.1%）。最常应用的注射用抗菌药物是泰乐菌素（45.0%）、长效头孢噻呋（40.1%）和长效阿莫西林（8.4%）。根据使用的日剂量猪（UDD(pig)）或药物的实际日剂量/每公斤猪的剂量计算，所有口服和注射用抗菌药物的治疗发生率（TI），在风险猪中平均为每天每 1000 头 200.7 头（最小=0，最大=699.0），而基于动物日剂量猪（ADD(pig)）或药物主要适应证规定的日剂量/每公斤猪的剂量计算，TI 略高（平均=235.8，最小=0，最大=1322.1）。这表明，实际上用相同剂量的抗菌药物治疗的猪数量比理论上可能的要少。注射产品通常超剂量（79.5%），而口服治疗通常剂量不足（47.3%）。总之，本研究表明，98%的被访猪场应用了预防性群体治疗，且经常使用了重要的和广谱的抗菌药物。在比利时，抗菌药物合理使用指南尚未实施。
